Essential oils are powerful plant extracts that have been shown to help with a wide range of health concerns. They can improve sleep, reduce stress and pain, soothe an upset stomach and even aid in weight loss.
When used correctly, they can be safe and effective, but quality varies widely on the market. Most importantly, never apply undiluted essential oil to the skin.
Aromatherapy
Aromatherapy is the use of essential oils for relaxation and symptom management. The oils are usually inhaled, but they can also be massaged into the skin or, rarely, taken by mouth (but only under specific instruction from a trained and qualified specialist).
Nurses can incorporate aromatherapy into patient-centered symptom management plans. However, it is important for nurses to understand the chemistry of these oils and the risks involved in their use.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) classifies essential oils as dietary supplements rather than drugs, and the oil manufacturers must clearly state that they are not intended to diagnose, treat or cure any disease. Essential oils may interact with certain medications, so nurses should always consult their healthcare professional before using them. Aromatherapy is not recommended for children. It can be unsafe to put some of these oils near a child’s eyes and ears, and some can cause a rash or irritation on the skin.
Topical
Essential oils can be diluted and applied topically to the skin, usually in combination with a carrier oil like coconut or olive oil. They are rubbed into the skin or blended into a cream, gel or lotion. They can also be inhaled or added to a bath.
When inhaled, essential oils can irritate the respiratory tract if the concentration is too high. They can also irritate the eyes and mucous membranes. Individuals who have a history of asthma, COPD, or other respiratory conditions may be more sensitive to these effects.
When applied to the skin, essential oils can help with various types of ailments such as reducing tension headaches, improving sleep quality and relieving sore muscles. They can be added to shampoos, conditioners, face cleansers and body sprays. Some people use them as natural mosquito repellents. Peppermint oil, for example, is thought to relieve irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms. Other oils, such as lavender, are thought to improve sleep and reduce anxiety.
Internal
Essential oils can be used in aromatherapy, a practice that uses scent to promote health and wellness. Essential oils can help with several types of ailments. Some, like bergamot and lavender, have calming effects. Others, like peppermint and chamomile, have anti-inflammatory properties.
Some can also act as natural mosquito repellents, such as citronella. But Johns Hopkins warns against using scented vaporizers, small household appliances that emit a vaporized fragrance, around children less than 30 months old and people with fast heartbeats, as they could have an adverse effect.
Aromatherapy uses a special distillation process to extract the essence of plants and produce essential oils. It takes 200 pounds of flowers to make just 1 pound of lavender oil, for example.
Cooking
The fats in cooking oils can help boost nutrient absorption, support heart health and add flavor to foods. However, not all oils are created equal. When selecting cooking oil, consider the type of recipe and heat level to choose the best choice.
Healthy, nutrient-rich oils can be used to saute, stir fry, bake and roast vegetables and proteins, make salad dressings and dips, coat pans to keep food from sticking, or drizzled on foods for added flavor. Choosing a high-quality, unrefined cooking oil that is labeled “virgin” or “organic” may offer additional health benefits.
When it comes to essential oils, always read the label and follow manufacturer recommendations. Avoid direct contact with skin, and be careful about using them around children, pets or those who are pregnant or have a weak immune system. Essential oils are highly concentrated and can cause a reaction if overused or misused, so use them sparingly. Store them in a dark bottle away from sunlight and use them up by their expiration dates to maximize freshness.
